Municipal Scientific Practical Conference
“А Step to Science”
(Group “Junior”)
Municipal Comprehensive Institution
“Secondary Comprehensive School № 30”
The Siberian People in the Great Patriotic War
Linguistics Direction
(English Section)
Fyodorova Ekaterina Evgen’evna
Grade 6A
Scientific Adviser:
Sofronova Lyudmila Vladimirovna,
English Teacher
Chita, 2010
A Brief Annotation.
This search work is devoted to the Great Patriotic War. The role of the Siberian people, who made contribution to the Great Victory, is considered in it. This search work will be useful to the English teachers. It will help them to prepare for the lessons, because there are no texts about the Great Patriotic War in modern students’ books. It will attract attention of those young people, who are interested in the history of their native land.
The Plan
Ι Introduction _______________________________________________________________p.4
Presentation of my search work.
I Ι Main body ____________________________________________________________p.5 - 9
1. Main facts about the Great Patriotic War.
2. The Siberian people in the Great Patriotic War.
3. My great- grandfather’s biography.
Ι Ι Ι Conclusion ____________________________________________________________ p.10
May 9 is the most momentous day for the people of Russia.
ΙV Vocabulary __________________________________________________________________________p.11
V. Supplementary _______________________________________________________p.12 - 17
1Test.
2The results of testing.
3Questionnaire.
4The results of questionnaire.
VI The list of literature ______________________________________________________p.18
I. Introduction.
Presentation of My Search Work
I would like to present the theme of my search work. It is called “The Siberian people in the Great Patriotic War”.
On May 9, 2010 we shall celebrate the 65 anniversary of the Great Victory of Soviet people over the fascist Germany. Unfortunately, there are no texts about the Great Patriotic War in modern Students’ books. I would like to help our English teachers and teenagers to find the materials about the Siberian people, who made their contribution to Victory, and to translate them from Russian into English. I am sure it will be easy for them to prepare for English classes. I consider, we must know about this war because it is one of the tragic and heroic pages in the history of our Motherland. Millions of Soviet people gave their lives for their Fatherland. The Siberian people defended their country and took part in liberating of peoples of other countries, many of them were not at the war, but they worked heroically on the home front. My great-grandfather was at that war and made his contribution to victory. As far as I know, the people of our region called themselves “ The Siberians ”, that’s why, I named my search work “The Siberian people in the Great Patriotic War”.
The aims of my search work are to prove that this theme is urgent for our young generation, to improve my language and to prepare a pack of materials for English lessons.
What I did:
1) My teacher and I prepared the test and the questionnaire and examined 100 students of 6th, 8th, 10th, 11th forms to find out what they know about that war and if this theme is urgent for our young generation.
2) I put the results together in a table, then I presented these ones in the form of a graph.
3) I studied English and Russian materials, such as books and Internet information, atlases and so on.
4) I systematized all these facts and materials.
5) I looked for pictures and photos to illustrate my work.
II. Main Body.
1. Main Facts About the Great Patriotic War.
At 4a.m. on June 22, 1941, 190 divisions of fascist Germany and her satellites treacherously invaded the USSR without a declaration of war. The invasion force consisted of 5.5 million officers and men, about 4.300 tanks, 4.950 combat aircrafts, and 47.260 guns and mortars.
During the very first hours of the attack over 1,000 German bombers started bombing Soviet cities and towns.
The sudden attack of the Nazis and the savage bombing of peaceful towns were intended to break the Soviet people’s will to resist. But there’s nothing what they can do.
In response to the appeal of the Soviet Government all Soviet people rose to defend their country. They understood that it was a question of life or death, that it was a question of whether the Soviet people would remain free or become slaves of the German Nazis. The size of the Red Army was growing with every passing day.
At the factories the places of those who had gone to the front were taken by women, adolescents and old people. “Everything is for the front, everything is for the victory!” ‒this appeal of the Communist Party became the motto of all Soviet people.
The actions of Soviet partisans, troops and underground groups inflicted heavy damage to enemy.
On December 6, 1941, the Soviet troops gained a victory at Moscow.
On January 10, 1943, the Soviet people gained a brilliant victory at Stalingrad (now Volgograd).
In the summer of 1943 the Soviet troops freed some 38.000 populated centers, including 162 towns.
In January 1944 Leningrad was relieved.
In 1944 Estonia, Lithuania and a large part of the Latvia were freed.
In the summer of 1944 the allied troops of the USA and Britain landed in north of France. The US, British and French troops began to move towards Germany from the west.
On May 2, 1945 Berlin capitulated. A week later, on May 8, the German Command signed an unconditional surrender.
9 May is celebrated in our country as Victory day. It was a history day for which hundreds of millions of people all over the world had waited [1].
2. The Siberian People in the Great Patriotic War.
Now I would like to tell you about the Siberian people who played a great role in the struggle of Soviet people against the invaders. When the Great Patriotic War began the Siberian people were very strong and courageous, ready to defend their motherland and give their lives for their happiness and freedom.
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War the Siberian people had come to the Military Committee to demand to be send to the front.
The Siberians struggled very courageously and selflessly at the front. They gave their lives in the battles against fascists near Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, Leningrad and others. Glory to all of them who died at the fronts!
Soldiers of the 16th Army, formed in Zabaikalye, stopped the attacks of German – fascist troops which wanted to defeat the Soviet Army near Moscow in December 1942 and capture the heart of our Motherland.
In the battles near Moscow the ninety-third Eastern – Siberian Shooting division from Zabaikalye got honorable name “Gvardeiskaya.”
The 43rd regiment from Dauria was the first to come over the Dnepr.
The Junior Lieutenant Strelkov, who headed the group of 33 soldiers near Stalingrad, glorified himself for the attack against 70 tanks during two days and nights [2].
The 106th Zabaikalye Shooting division, included Nerchinsky, Daursky, Argunsky regiments, was glorified in the battles for the Dnepr.
The working people of Zabaikalye helped the front with great enthusiasm.
They gave 367 million roubles to the Defence Fund.
Besides that the people from Zabaikalye signed the war loan over 533 million roubles. They sent a lot of parcels with food, warm clothes, 23 thousand horses, more than 2, 5 million poods of meat, 5 million and 200 thousand poods of milk and brynza to the front [3].
During the Great Patriotic War soldiers from Zabaikalye showed real heroism in the fight against fascist invaders. 77 thousand people of our region were killed during the Great Patriotic War.
The Chita Regional Komsomol organization sent more than 52 thousand Komsomol members to the front. The young people heroically fought against fascists and died for their Fatherland. Many Komsomol members were awarded orders and medals of the Soviet Government.
Twenty three Komsomol members got the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Totally 100 Transbaikal people became the Heroes of the Soviet Union.
As far as I know, many Soviet writers wrote about the heroic deeds of Transbaikal people during the Great Patriotic War.
Sergey Zarubin, one of the famous Transbaikal writers, devoted his books to the fellow-villages who courageously fought with fascists at the front. His most well-known novels are “The exploit of a secret service man” and “The pipe of a sniper”. They are about our fellow-villages Matyzhonok Sergey Ivanovich and Nomokonov Semyon Danilovich.
I found the material about these great men in the encyclopedia “Transbaikal people are the heroes of our Fatherland”, which was published in Chita in 2005.
Matyzhonok Sergey Ivanovich was born in Karymskaya village on October 19, 1923.
When the Great Patriotic War began he was 18. After finishing a reconnaissance school he was sent to the front at the beginning of 1942.Matyzhonok went to reconnaissance more than 76 times. He took 25 prisoners, a famous general Shtimmer was among them.
Matyzhonok Sergey Ivanovich was demobilized after injury in September1945.
He took part in the parade on Red Square in June 1945.
Matyzhonok worked in a railway house in his native village after the Great Patriotic War.
Matyzhonok Sergey Ivanovich was decorated with three Orders of the Red Banner, two Orders of Glory, the Order of the Patriotic War, the Order of the October Revolution and medals. In 1961 he was put on the lists of the honorary soldiers of ZABVO.
Matyzhonok Sergey Ivanovich died on March 3, 1997. One of the streets of Karymskaya village was named after him.
Recently many people took part in voting “The great people of Zabaikalsky krai” which was organized by TV and Radio company ”Chita”, newspaper ”Akstra” and information agency ”Zabmedia.” The winner of this project is Nomokonov Semyon Danilovich.
Nomokonov Semyon Danilovich was born in Dulyun village of Zabaikal region (now Sretensk district of Zabaikalsky krai) on August 12, 1900. He was a hereditary hunter and since his childhood he had been living in taiga. His nickname was the “kite’s eye”.
In 1928 Semyon moved to Nizhny Stan village of Shilka region. There he worked as a carpenter.
In August 1941 he was sent to the front. At first, he served a hospital assistant and then a sniper because of his accurate shooting. It’s true, Nomokonov killed 369 fascists. He marked all killed enemies on his pipe. He was a well-known person among enemies. They called him the “taiga’s shaman.” They say Nomokonov was famous for his feats of arms all over the USSR.
V. Lebedev-Kumach, one of the famous Soviet poets, devoted him a poem. These are some lines here:
Он мастер снайперской науки.
Фашистской нечести гроза,
Какие золотые руки.
Какие острые глаза!
Nomokonov met Victory Day in Germany. He returned in his village and in spite of eight injuries and two shell-shocks he continued working.
I know Nomokonov Semyon Danilovich was decorated with the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, two Orders of the Red Star and medals. In 1961 he also became the honorary soldier of ZABVO.
He died on July 15, 1973 [4].
It’s a pity, that Matyzhonok Sergey Ivanovich and Nomokonov Semyon Danilovich were not decorated with honorary title of the Hero of the Soviet Union but their names will always be in the hearts of our people.
3. Volhovsky Aleksey Andreevich.
(1926-1992)
My great-grandfather took part in that war too. Let me tell you about him.
His name was Volhovsky Aleksey Andreevich . He was born on September 20, 1926. His parents’ names were Andrey and Anastasia. They died when the boy was about 8 years old. Lyosha had a very hard childhood: he was brought up by his aunt, who didn’t love Lyosha and dreamt to get his house. Because of hunger and fear for his life, Lyosha left his house. For a long time he travelled with other orphans.
One day children made up their minds to run to Tashkent, where it was warm and there was “bread on trees”. But they drove only to Dushanbe, where boys were taken off a train and sent to one of the Technical Schools.
But the Great Patriotic War began at that time. Everyone wanted to defend his Motherland. Aleksey forged his age at passport, and he was accepted to the army. Young man was good at machines, that’s why he worked as a plane mechanic. Marshal K. K. Rokossovsky was an army group commander where my great-grandfather served. My great-grandfather met Victory Day in Germany. My grandmother told me that he had written his name on Reichstag’s Wall.
In 1947, when Aleksey returned from the war with Japan, he met Maria, his future wife. They married.
Aleksey and Maria had three children: Svetlana, Mikhail and Vladimir. The last is my grandfather. The family liked to spend their free time in the forest. Aleksey was fond of catching fish and gathering berries.
Last years of his life, Aleksey worked in the army as a guard. One night, when Aleksey was working, he lost his consciousness. That was insult. I think that the war undermined his health. For a long time my great-grandfather couldn’t speak, go and do something. He was disabled.
One night, when everybody was sleeping, Aleksey suddenly called his wife. When she came, he told her: “Masha…forgive me.” And he died after some hours. It’s a pity that he is not with us now. But all of us remember him. He is always in our hearts. He was one of those, who defended our Motherland during the Great Patriotic War.
III. Conclusion.
May 9 Is the Most Momentous Day for the People of Russia.
To sum up, the results of my search work show that teenagers know little about the Great Patriotic War but they are interested in it. I think my paper will help them to find out some facts about the history of our Motherland.
May 9 is the most momentous day for the people of Russia; it marks the Soviet Union victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941- 1945, the war that brought tragedy to virtually every Soviet family. The entire Soviet Union rose against the invaders, with people of all nationalities and ethnic groups rallying together. All solders and home-front workers were united by the same goal – to withstand the enemy onslaught and to win. And they did. The Blitzkrieg plan, which was conceived by German generals, flopped. The heroes of the Brest fortress, as well as the defenders of Moscow, of Leningrad and Stalingrad, Kiev and Minsk, Odessa and Sevastopol, Novorossiysk and Kerch, Tula, Smolensk and Murmansk displayed indomitable courage. All those cities received the title of hero- city after the war.
On May 8, 1945 Germany signed an unconditional surrender document. May 9 was proclaimed by Soviet authorities as Victory Day in commemoration of the USSR’s victory in the Great Patriotic War.
On June 24, 1945 Moscow’s Red Square hosted the first Victory Parade, thus it overgrew in a long- standing tradition. War veterans meet each other every May 9; official functions and concerts are also organized: wreaths and flowers are laid at war memorials and common graves, and honor guards are posted there. Apart from that, funeral services are conducted in every Russian church and cathedral.
The first 1000- gun artillery salute took place in Moscow on 9 May in 1945, and since that time fireworks displays are organized in every hero- city as well as in other Russian cities from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, i.e. Kaliningrad, Rostov- on – Don, Samara, Novosibirsk, Chita, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Severomorsk and Sevastopol [5].
IV. Vocabulary.
Adolescent [ˏædo(u)´lesnt]-юность
Courage [΄kᴧrıʤ]-мужество, смелость
Division [di´viƺ(ə)n]-дивизия
Force [fɔ:s]-войска
Gain [geın]-получать
Invade [ın´veıd]-вторгаться
Invasion [ın´veıƺ(ə)n]-вторжение, нападение
Resist [rı´zıst]-сопротивляться
Satellite [´sætəlaıt]-приспешник
Savage [´sævıdƺ]-варварский
Struggle [strᴧgl]-борьба
V. Supplementary.
1Test.
1. What was happened on June 22, 1941?
2. Write the names of the cities which got the title of the “Hero-city”.
3. Arrange the following events of the Great Patriotic War chronologically:
- Byelorussia’s liberation
- Berlin’s operation
-Leningrad’s relief
-victory at Moscow
-Kursk’s battle.
4. Name the most important Memorials devoted to the Great Patriotic War.
5. Do you know the names of reading-books’ heroes? Name them.
6. Do you know the names of people who glorified Zabaikalye during the Great Patriotic War? Name them.
7. Who became the winner of the project “Great people of Zabaikalye”? He was famous among enemies during the Great Patriotic War, they were afraid of him.
8. Name the places of interest devoted to the heroes and participants of the Great Patriotic War and streets named after them in Chita.
9. Name the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in 1941.
2.The Results of Testing.
What do Russian students of the XXI century know about the Great Patriotic War?
I’d like to present you the results of my testing. One hundred students were asked the questions. These are the results.
|
Questions |
Results (%) |
|
Know the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. |
80% |
|
Know more than three Hero-cities. |
57% |
|
Know the main stages of the Great Patriotic War. |
9% |
|
Know the most important Memorials devoted to the Great Patriotic War. |
29% |
|
Know the names of reading-books’ heroes. |
25% |
|
Know more than one person who glorified Zabaikalye during the Great Patriotic War. |
10% |
|
Know the winner of the project “ Great People of Zabaikalye” |
1% |
|
Know more than two places of interest devoted to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War and the streets named after them in Chita. |
30% |
|
Know the name of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief in 1941. |
45% |
These results obtained show that students know little about this period in fortunes of Russia’s people.
3. Questionnaire.
1. The Great Patriotic War is…
-remote past;
-great feat of arms, which we shouldn’t forget;
-pride of our people;
-sorrow for the lost;
-respect for veterans;
-your opinion.
2. Do you agree that our country does everything possible for veterans and participants of the war?
3. Must our country defend interests of war veterans abroad (in Latvia, for example)?
4. Are there any relatives in your family who had been at that war?
5. You study the material about the Great Patriotic War…
-for doing homework;
-for home-reading, broadening your mind;
-for different aims.
6. Where do you draw information from?
-books;
-newspapers, magazines;
-lessons;
-mass-media;
-memory of veterans;
-your opinion.
7. What form is information about the Great Patriotic War interesting and easily understood for you in?
8. Your age, sex.
4. The Results of Questionnaire.
These are the results of the questionnaire.
-58% of respondents consider that the Great Patriotic War is a great feat of arms of Russian people, while 4% think that it is a remote past;
-35% of respondents consider that our Government tries to help our veterans as much as possible while 19% disagree with them;
-46% of students think that our country must defend the interests of our veterans abroad (in Latvia, for example), while 6% think differently;
-37% of schoolchildren have got relatives killed or alive who had been at that war, 34% are interested in their life during the war;
-31% of respondents use information about the Great Patriotic War for different aims; 19% of students use it only for studying, 6% -for broadening their mind;
-31% of respondents draw information about the war from the books, 25%-from the lessons, 26%-from TV, radio, films, 19%-from the stories of veterans, 19% -from the Internet.
The most interesting and easily understood information is in the books and films.
The results obtained show that teenagers are interested in the Great Patriotic War.
VI. The List of Literature.
- E. N. Muratov “The heroic path”, М., “Prosveschenie”, 1988.
- “Encyclopedia of Zabaikalye”, N., “Science”, 2002-2006.
- M.N.Gusar “Chita Region Study”, Chita, “Poisk”, 2004.
- R.F. Geniatulin, K.I. Karasyev “The Transbaical people are the heroes of the Motherland”, Chita, 2005.
- O.I.Fleshler “Through English and Beyond”, Chita, CHIPKRO, 2005.
- A. Bystrov “Victory Day”, M.,”Molodaya gvardiya”, 1985.
7. Му Family’s Album.